The Upgrade

D. E. Larsen, DVM

“You need to hurry, your flight is boarding now,” the airline attendant said as he took our bags. “If your bags don’t make your flight, they will be on the next flight. You have a full plane, there is a Ducks game in Berkley Saturday.”

We hurried down the concourse to the plane. Just what I wanted, to ride to San Francisco with a planeload of Duck fans.

We squeezed down the aisle and found our seats. Now we could relax for a few minutes before the plane takes off. This was going to be our first long weekend off for nearly 2 years. A continuing education trip on paper, but a mini-vacation if we could make it such.

“I think we would have been better off to take the extra time and drive to Portland,” Sandy said. “Then we could have got a direct flight to Reno. I hate changing planes, and especially in San Francisco.”

“It won’t be too bad, we should have plenty of time,” I said.

About then, we were rudely made aware that our flight was going to be anything but pleasant. Sitting behind us, and on top of our seats at times, was a most unruly four-year-old and his mother, who had no concept of discipline.

We are making the final approach to landing on the runway that extends out into the bay. 

“I hate landing at this airport,” I say. “The first time I flew on a commercial airline was when I joined the Army. They loaded us on a plane in Portland and flew us to San Francisco. I had a window seat, and when we were landing, all I saw under the plane was water. We were getting closer and closer to the water. I was lifting my feet before the ground, and a runway came into my view. I repeat that episode in my mind every time I land there.”

We deplane and rush down the concourse looking for the gate for the flight to Reno. We ask an agent at the end of the hall. 

“That is a separate terminal. You catch a shuttle bus down those stairs,” the agent says, pointing to a stairwell at the end of the concourse. 

We hurry down the stairs and catch a bus to the detached terminal. Then we load into a puddle jumper, not my idea of a fun flight. I am white-knuckled all the way to Reno. We arrive, and Sandy’s bag makes the flight, my bag is nowhere in sight. We leave our information and hail a cab to the hotel.

“We have your reservation right here,” the hotel clerk says to Sandy. “It is a nice room, I hope you enjoy your stay.”

Sandy looks over the paperwork while I twiddle my thumbs.

“Is this a non-smoking room?” Sandy asks.

“No, Ma’am,” The clerk responds. “This is a smoking room.”

“We requested a non-smoking room on our reservation,” Sandy says.

The clerk looks at his computer screen closely. “I see that you are correct, it says a non-smoking room right here,” the clerk says. “We don’t have a non-smoking room available in this room class.”

It looks like another planeload of people has arrived, there is quite a line behind us now.

“I have to have a non-smoking room,” Sandy says.

“Let me go talk with my supervisor,” the clerk says as he leaves his station.

The people behind us let out an audible moan. Sandy is unwavering.

Finally, after close to 5 minutes, the clerk returns. He is all smiles.

“I have an upgraded room for you,” he says, winking at me. “You guys are really going to enjoy this room! It is one of our best suites.”

The Bellhop leads us away. The room is high in the hotel, on the 35th floor.

“You are going to really enjoy this room,” he said as he pushed open the door.

He set the bags down and went to the drapes and pulled them open. The entire wall is floor to ceiling windows, and the view of the city is incredible. I feel a little embarrassed as I hand him a $5.00 tip.

“Can you believe this room,” I said to Sandy. “And all because you would not accept a smoking room.”

The main room of the suite is three times the size of any hotel room we have ever seen. The bathroom is enormous. It has a large shower with two showerheads. There is a large jacuzzi tub, massive mirror with double sinks and a separate water closet.

“This sort of reminds me of Ma and Pa Kettle,” I said.” We are just a couple of old country bumpkins in a high-class hotel.”

Sandy laughs as she investigates the kitchenette/bar area. There is a large sectional, a loveseat and a couple of chairs. And then the bed takes up the far end of the room. 

The bed is more substantial than a king-size bed and round, on a raised platform.  There is a 30 inch high wrought iron railing around half of the platform. And a massive round mirror is on the ceiling above the bed. 

“I am not sure how this is going to work out for us,” I said. 

I’m a stomach sleeper, and I hang my feet over the end of the bed. Or I sleep on my side, in touch with the edge of the bed. I am not sure I am going to be able to find either in this bed.

“I think we are maybe past the mirror stage in our relationship,” Sandy said. “This could be an interesting evening.”

We were just ready to leave to get a bite to eat when there was a knock at the door. It was the Bellhop with my bag from the airport.

“They delivered your bag, but it looks like it has been broken into, you might want to check it carefully and make sure you file a report with the airline,” he said.

“Thanks,” I said. “Before you go, can you tell me something about this room? What does a night in this room usually cost?”

“This is our special suite,” he said. “We generally use it to comp the high rollers. We don’t rent it out very often, but when we do, it goes for $1200 a night.”

“I would guess you generally get more than $5.00 tips up here,” I said.

“I have got some tremendous tips in this room, but it is not a big deal, $5.00 is a pretty standard tip in most rooms.”

“I would have to have a whole lot of expendable cash before I could bring myself to pay $1200 for a room,” I say as I hand him a $20 bill.

It was sort of like adding the final insult to the plane trip. The bag was a mess, but the only thing missing is my sports coat. This gives me an excellent excuse for dressing casually. That fits my style just fine.

When the evening was over, and we are ready to go to sleep, Sandy spends a lot of time closing the drapes. It is no small task. I can not convince her that there is nobody who can peek into a room on the 35th floor, especially if the lights are out. But she does not listen.

The bed is comfortable, but, like many hotel beds, the sheets and blankets are excessive. I go around and untuck all the sheets on my side of the bed. Then I discard the comforter and half the blankets. I crawl into bed.

I am instantly miserable. I can’t find the edge of the bed, and when I reach a point where I can hang my feet over the end of the bed, my nose is at Sandy’s knees. I toss and turn and get tangled up in the top sheet. I get up and pull the top sheet off the bed. Since Sandy was sleeping soundly, I open the drapes and enjoy the view until I drift off to a fitful sleep. 

About 3:00 in the morning, I get up to go to the bathroom. I roll out of bed and start in the direction of the bathroom. I follow the edge of the bed until I reach the point where the round was turning toward Sandy’s side of the bed. I strike out toward the bathroom. 

I forgot about the railing. Just as my left foot takes a step down, the end of the railing hits me in the groin. My right leg impacts the railing, I lose my balance and fall, left side first, the two steps to the floor.

I roll onto my back. I feel like I have just been struck with a Klingon pain stick. I look around, the view out the windows is just as good from the floor. Then I look up, there I am, in full view, in the mirror. 

Morning comes, Sandy is well-rested. I look like I have been wrestling steers all night. We shower together and get dressed so we can get breakfast before classes started.

As we leave the room, Sandy stops and looks at the bed. What a mess, there are piles of sheets on each side of the bed. The blankets are knotted in a heap in the middle of the bed. Even the bottom sheet is untucked, and only half covered the mattress.

“The housekeeping girls are going to tell stories about what went on in that bed last night,” she said.

Photo by Manny Becerra on Unsplash

A Cat’s Breakfast

D. E. Larsen, DVM

I could see Bill and the hired man bringing the cow down from the upper pasture as I pulled up to the squeeze chute. This cow had a dead calf this morning. Bill was unsure what went on, but he was just starting into the calving season and wanted to make sure he didn’t have a problem.

“She looks like she is in good shape,” I said, as they ran the cow down to the squeeze chute. “Do you have any idea when she was due.”

“I told May Jane that you were going to chew me out for not have had the herd preg checked this year,” Bill said. “The calf looks pretty good size, I would guess she was near full term.”

“I am going to take the tractor back up there and get the calf,” the hired man said as he started up the tractor.

“We just want to make sure we don’t have a problem that is going to go through the herd,” Bill said.

“I will draw some blood for this cow and from her dead calf if I can. And I will get a sample of her afterbirth from a cotyledon and samples from the calf. The lab will be able to give us a pretty accurate diagnosis is it is something important. But, a lot of the time, maybe I should say most of the time, they won’t have an answer.”

“Mary Jane wants you to get us on your schedule to do some pregnancy exams this fall,” Bill said as I was finishing up with the sample collection from the cow.

“That will be good, I have a sheet of recommendations on breeding times and when we should do the exams,” I say. “It is good to try to get your calving season down to 40 days or less. It takes a few years to get there for most herds, but you will enjoy life better once we make it.”

“I wonder what is taking Don so long to get that calf?” Bill said. “It is only halfway up the field, he should have been back here a long time ago.”

Bill had no more than uttered the words when the tractor came into view. He had the calf in the front end loader.

“I got up there, and the calf was gone,” Don said. “I looked all over and finally found it up at the top of the field, on the other side of the fence. And you need to take a look at this.”

Don pulled the calf out of the loader and stretched it out on its back. This calf had a half dozen large chomps along the margin of the rib cage that opened the abdomen. The entire liver was gone.

“What the heck do you suppose did that to this calf?” Bill said.

“A cougar did this,” I said. “Look at the size of these chomps along the ribs.” I placed my fingertips along the width of the bite marks, spreading them wide enough to cover each bite mark. “This was a large cat, look at the size of these bites.”

“Yes, large enough to pick this calf up and haul it over 100 yards up the hill and carry it across the fence,” Don said.

“It is 11:00 in the morning, and that field is right beside the county road,” Bill said. “This cat situation is getting a little scary.”

“When I first came to Sweet Home, I seldom heard a story of a cougar,” I said. “Now I hear stories almost every week. When they stopped hunting them with dogs, it changed the cat’s behavior. Even the hound guys tell me that their behavior has changed. Their dogs get tore up by cougars if they corner them. When they were hunting them, they would run to a tree. The cats have lost any fear of man and most of their fear of dogs.

“They see cougars downtown all the time nowadays,” Don said.

“Several things have happened,” I said. “The environments will say we are invading the cat’s territory, but with all the land use laws, things have not expanded around most towns in Western Oregon. What has happened, is the National Forest has stopped most timber harvest. So now there are few clear cuts in the high country. Clear cuts are were all the production happens. All the logging has moved to private lands, most of those lands are located closer to towns. The deer and elk need a lot of browse, and they don’t get in the timber, so they move to where the clear cuts are located. The cats follow their primary food sources. With not much hunting, the cat population expands, and they tend to end up in town once in a while. They find hunting cats and dogs pretty easy living. Encounters are only going to get more frequent as time goes on.”

“What can a person do to change things?” Bill asked.

“Probably not much, a lot of people are champions for the cat,” I said. “Hunting without dogs does very little to control their population. They can be right beside you in the brush and you will never see them. Don was probably lucky this cat didn’t want to argue over who owned this calf.”

“I never thought about that,” Don said. “He probably was not far away when I took it.”

“I had a client tell me a story not long ago,” I said. “His dog was very mean. One of those dogs that I see only to get a rabies shot into every 3 years. This dog is so mean that he bites the owner more than once in a while. This guy was telling me he was walking along a cat road through some small timber with his dog on a leash. The dog started throwing a fit, enough that the guy thought he was going to get bit. He turned the dog loose, it jumps in the brush, right beside them, and kicks out a cougar.”

“The state is quick to use dogs if there is a problem cat somewhere,” Don said.

“Nothing will change until a cat drags some kid out of a schoolyard someday,” Bill said.

“I better get some samples from this calf. The liver is a pretty important sample that the lab asks for, they probably won’t believe me when I tell them that a cat beat me to it.”

Photo by Pixabay from Pexels

Cows Never Eat the Stuff

D. E. Larsen, DVM

Here I was again, standing over a dead cow, in the middle of a pasture filled with Tansy, listening to a rancher explain to me that cows never touch the stuff. As I stood there sharpening my necropsy knife, I thought about my long history with Tansy.

My first recollection of awareness of Tansy was at a family picnic at Tom and Kathryn Lawson’s ranch, on the top of Catching Creek Mountain, out of Myrtle Point. The year was 1950, the plant was just then starting to show up on the high ridges of Coos County. We knew it killed cows and horses, but I do not recall seeing a loss. My oldest brother had a summer job the following year, working for Coos County spraying Tansy, mainly on the high ridges in the county. It did not take long for it to spread to the valleys. By the time I was 10, pulling Tansy was a standard summer chore for almost any farm kid in the county.

At least this cow was dead. In the 1970s, the diagnosis was challenging in a live animal before it was near death. Blood work could show liver failure, but that was not specific to Tansy toxicity. 

I was always amazed at how these guys could be in such a state of denial. They wanted an answer to the death, but one that fits their opinion that cows would never eat the stuff.

It only takes me a few minutes to open this cow up. I slit the skin down the ventral midline and reflect the hide up to her back. Elevating the legs and freeing them of their muscle attachment, I flip both legs and the skin to layout over her back. Then I open the belly and ribs, reflecting them back, so I now have the cow opened for view.

“So, I want you to look at this, Tom,” I say as I start to point out the visible signs of liver failure. “This belly shows all the signs of liver failure. The yellowish discoloration to the tissues, the severe accumulation of fluid in the belly, the chest is normal, and the liver is swollen and pale yellow in color.”

“Okay, I can see liver failure,” Tom says. “But there has to be a lot of things that cause liver failure. How can you be so sure it is Tansy?”

“Well, an old veterinarian, Dr. Pierson, who I respect very much, always said: “When you are in a barn and hear hoofbeats, you look for a horse, not a zebra.”

“I guess I don’t know what that means,” Tom said.

“That means you rule out the obvious diagnosis before you go off in some unrelated direction, trying to prove a once in a lifetime diagnosis. In my mind, when I stand in a field filled with Tansy, looking at a cow with liver failure, the diagnosis is Tansy Toxicity until I prove that it is something else. Now let me get a piece of this liver and show you the insides.”

I slice off a large section of the liver. The very sharp knife almost vibrates as it is pulled through the liver tissue. I lay this piece of liver on the cow’s hip for a makeshift table.

“I can send a piece of this into the lab, and the pathologist will give us a confirmed diagnosis,” I say. “Tansy Toxicity has a very characteristic appearance under the microscope. First, I want you to look at the cut surface of this liver. Think about the liver seen in the store and compare it to this liver. This liver is swollen with rounded edges, not dense with sharp edges, pale yellow in color rather than deep red, and this cut surface has the appearance of nutmeg, not a consistent deep red appearance.”

I handed Tom the knife. “I want you to drag this knife through this liver. You watched how sharp this knife is when I opened this cow. I want you to feel how it almost vibrates as it cuts through this chunk of liver.”

Tom takes the knife and makes a slice in the liver. “It almost feels like it is cutting steel wool.”

“That is maybe a good analogy,” I say. 

“Okay, Doc, you have presented me a pretty good case,” Tom says. “And I guess we are going to send a piece of this to the lab, just to be sure. Why is it then, that we don’t have a bunch of cows lying here dead?’

“You are a little bit correct, Tom, when you say the cows never eat the stuff,” I say. “Most cows will avoid it most of the time. It is most dangerous in the hay, and also after it is sprayed. The plant takes up a lot of sugars as it wilts after being sprayed. Cows will find it acceptable for a week or two as it dies. Also, some cows, and some horses, will develop a liking for the stuff, and they will seek it out.”

“So you are saying we are both right,” Tom says.

“Only sort of,” I say. “This cow didn’t eat a bunch of Tansy yesterday and then died. She could have eaten a toxic dose months ago. You are just lucky that you found her dead and not sick. Making a diagnosis in a cow getting ready to die from Tansy is difficult, and expensive. Sometimes I will make several visits before ending up doing a liver biopsy. There is a lot of frustration in treating a Tansy Toxicity. But time always tells us, all of these cows die. I looked at a dead cow once and her 3-day old calf, who was also dead. Both of them died of Tansy Toxicity. The cow is easy to understand. The calf is a little more of a question. It is highly unlikely it could have eaten enough Tansy to be a problem. There is some evidence that the toxic alkaloids are passed in the milk. But probably not in a dangerous concentration. That leaves the placenta; this calf probably received a toxic dose from its mother through the placenta.”

“What do I have to do now to get control of this stuff?” Tom asked.

“It is tough, and it is not going to happen overnight,” I said. “Maybe not even in a year. This stuff it too high to benefit from spraying. I would mow it down and either compost it or burn it if you can. Then next spring, you need to spray the pasture. Keep the cows off the pasture after spraying for 2 – 3 weeks. Then next summer, pull any plants that make it through all of that. Probably most important, get all your neighbors to do the same. And talk to the County Extension Agent. They promise that a caterpillar is coming that will eat the stuff. I haven’t seen any yet.”

“What do I need to do with this carcass?” Tom asked. “Is it toxic? I mean, if my dog gets out here and eats on this, is it going to kill him?”

“Now, that is an interesting question,” I said. “And I don’t have an answer for that one. I will definitely check the books, but I am not sure anything is written about the toxicity of the tissues. I doubt if there is a problem, but I don’t know. I would call the rendering company, or I would bury it.”